Being Sued

Criminal Law Criminal law is used to maintain social order. It is the law enforced by police. Crimes are serious breaches of the criminal law such as murder, sexual assault and theft. Anyone who has committed a crime may be charged by the police and can be punished by receiving a fine, community service order or sent to jail. Civil Law Civil law deals with the rights and duties of individuals towards each other. Civil law applies when people do "civil wrongs" against each other. Civil law is not enforced by the police. People can sue or be sued by someone under civil law. A breach of contract A breach of contract occurs when you enter into a contract and you don't carry out the obligations under the contract. You can be sued if they breach a contract, even if you are under 18. When can I sue someone ? If someone commits a civil wrong against you such as negligence or breach of contract then you may sue then. When can I be sued ? If you commit a civil wrong such as negligence or breach of contract then you may be sued. Negligence Negligence is a type of "civil wrong". Generally speaking, when someone acts in a careless way and causes an injury to another person, that careless person is "negligent" and may be legally responsible for any resulting harm. A person or people can be sued for injuring someone or damaging their property at any age. Will parents be liable to pay damages for something that is children fault ? Parents are not usually responsible for paying damages if children have injuried someone or damaged their property. However, parents may be responsible if children acted on their behalf. Courts The small claims division of the Local Court of NSW will hear the case if the claim is under $10,000. The Local Court of NSW will hear the case if the claim is over $10,0000 but under $60,000. The District Court of NSW will hear the case if the claim is over $60,000 but under $75,000. The Supreme Court of NSW will hear the case if the claim is over $750,000.

NELSON MANDELA

Time line

July 18, 1918 born in Transkei, South Africa 1942 qualified in law 1944 joined the African National Congress 1948 against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies 1956 - 1961 trial for treason 1960 ban the ANC 1961 ANC considered violent tastics 1962 arrested June 12, 1964 sentenced to life imprisonment 1964- 1982 Robben Island Prison February 11, 1990 released 1991 elected president of the ANC

Nelson

Timeline

Born July 18, 1918

Qalified in Law 1942

Joined the ANC 1944

Against the ruling party after 1948

Trial for treason 1956 - 1961

Ban the ANC 1960

ANC considered violent tactics 1961

Arrested 1962

Sentenced to life imprisonment June 12, 1964

Robben Island Prison 1964 - 1982

Released February 11, 1990

Elected President of the ANC 1991

Kevin Gilbertc (1933-1992)

Martyrs in The Struggle for Justice

1933 born in Condobolin

1957 Sentenced to life imprisonment

1968 wrote the play the cherry pickers

1970 first exhibited his work

1971 granted parole

1973 wrote because a white man'll never do it

1977 awarded his book living black

1988 awarded for aboriginal poetry

1989 work at the Canberra Contemporany art space

1992 received a Australian artists creative fellowship

1993 died

Aussie challenges Bulgarian murder rap, The Australian , Friday, october 22, 2010

Notes: - A Bulgarian court hearing the appeal of a 23 year old Australian man - Jock Palfreeman was sentenced for stabbing to death a student and wounding the other man in 2007 - Palfreeman pleaded not guilty to both charges - The court granted to re-examine four police witness and one of the plaintiffs - The next hearing is scheduled for November 11 Summary: A Bukgarian court began hearing the appeal of 23 year old Australian man who was jailed for 20 years for murdering. Jock Palfreeman was sentenced last December for stabbing to death Andrey Monov, a 20 year old student, and wounding the other man in the brawl in December 2007. Palfreeman pleaded not guilty to both charges, claiming he acted in self-defence. The court also granted the defence's request to re-examine four police witnesses and one of the plaintiff. The next hearing is scheduled for November 11, 2010. Personal reflections: A legal system in Bulgarian is reasonable. Being re-examine witnesses and plaintiffs is positive step for defence. The sentence would be changed.

Childhood Obesity Report

1. Obesity is a condition of body fat which stores unused energy (kilojoules). 2.The reasons are an unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, genetic and family eating habits. 3. Obesity is not only national problem but also world-wide problem.The Better Health Channel shows that one in five children and adolescents are either overweight or obese in Australia. 4. Changing society is making worse the obesity problem. 5. Obesity has an impact on children's health. 6. Potential health problems for obese children include type 2 diabetes, eating disorders, orthopaedic disorders, liver problems, respiratory disorders, sleep apnoea, causes snoring and cardiomyopathy. 7. The other impacts are social problems for obese children. Obesity can have a major impact on how children feel themselves and how they interact with others. obese adolescents are more likely to have low self-esteem, which may impact on other aspects of their lives such as the development of friendships and competency at school. 8. The treatment is available to contact the family doctor, the dietitians association of Australia and 'Go for your life' info line service tel.1300 739 899.

Bible for women with breast cancer, PARRAMATTA ADVERTISER, September 8, 2010, P.10

Notes: - Breast Cancer ( 'taking control', new book by Professor John Boyages ) - women diagnosed with breast cancer (to strength and understand) - guide to take care of the disease - treatment and life after breast cancer Summary Professor John Boyages is wanting to give women diagnosed with breast Cancer through his new book Breast Cancer : Taking Control. In the book, Prof Boyages walks women to strength and understand the stress and confusion of diagnosis, treatment and life after breast cancer. This book is a guide to take care the disease for women who felt they were not getting the right answer over 25 years. Personal reflections Breast cancer : Taking Control is a good book for the women. It is good to know about the breast cancer, diagnosis and treatment.

Students get gardening lesson, REVIEW PICTORIAL,P3, September 7, 2010

Notes: - Students and teachers exercised green thumbs at Auburn North Public School - Planted native trees, rebuild vegetable plots, trimmed bushes - Bunning organised two DIY classes Summary: Under the guidance of staff from the Auburn Bunnings Warehouse, students and teachers exercised 'green' thumbs at Auburn north publish school on Thursday. Students and teachers planted native trees, rebuilt vegetable plots. Also, they distributed mulch and trimmed bushes. Bunning organised two DIY classes showing how to install bird netting to protect veggie and how to recycle garden waste in compost bins. Personal reflections: It was a great lesson that students have participated in gardening and the community learning space. This knowledge will bring the gardening experiences to the students.

TAFEs to offer degrees, THE SUN-HERALD, August 22, 2010

Notes: - TAFE are to offer bachelor degrees - to become a higher-income education provider - not trying to compete with universities - the quality of TAFE degree and international reputation Summary: TAFE are to offer bachelor degrees for students, and the plan aimed at combating skills shortages. Under national guidelines, NSW TAFE was accredited to become a higher-income education provider. The head of TAFE in NSW said that "we are not trying to compete with universities ; we are trying to build relationships with them". Although, Australia universities' boss Glenn Withers said that it would be difficult to ensure the quality of a TAFE degree and the international reputation could be damaged. Personal reflections: TAFE degrees would extend opportunities to all communities, and it would give poor and regional students better access to higher education.

Newspaper article

Notes: - childcare fee rises up to $33 per child per day - required to employ more and qualified staff in childcare - childcare rebate will cover half of any fee rise - mothers of half do not receive tax rebate - the staff to child ratios, every four kids to one Summary: According to a survey of 170 NSW centres, parents face childcare fee rises of up to $33 per child per day, for the federal government requires to employ more and better qualified staff in childcare centres. On the other hand, the 50 percent of childcare rebate will cover half of any fee rise, but half of the mothers do not receive the tax rebate because they don't work. Under the changes, the staff to child ratios will be cut from one carer for every five kids to one carer for every four kids next year. Personal reflections: Qualified staff should be employ in child care centers, although the impacts of the costs need to examine for parents.

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